Method of treating brick.



A. A. SCOTT.

METHOD OF TREATINGBRIGK. APPLICATION FILED mm 31, 1912.

6 BHEETHHEET 1.

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neea w lid/ceases: HO 3 dd Patented Feb. '25, 1913.

A. A. SCOTT.

METHOD OF TREATING BRICK.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1912.

Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A. A. SCOTT.

METHOD OF TREATING BRICK.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1912.

. 4 04 Patented Feb.25, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ma I MQKMWQ/ (dd-9% j ji m A. A. SCOTT.

METHOD OF TREATING BRICK.

APPLICATION FILED MAY31, 1912.

1 ,O54,04=1 Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHBE'1'4.

A..A. SCOTT. METHOD OF TREATING BRICK. APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1912.

Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

A. A. SCOTT. METHOD OF TREATING BRICK. APPLICATION FILED MAY 31,-1912.

Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

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ALEXANDER A. soon, or KNoxvILLn, rnnmzssnn.

METHOD or TREATING 1mm;

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb; 2 1913.

Application filed May 31. 1912. Serial No. 701,110.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER-A. SCOTT, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Knoxville, Tennessee, (whose post-office address is122 Scott street, Knoxville, Tennessee,) have invented a new and usefulMethod of Treating Brick, which method is fully set forth in thefollowing specification.

This invention relates to the art of brickmaking, and has for its objectto provide an efiicient and continuously operating method or process foreconomically drying, burning,

cooling and handling brick.

In burning bricks according to the present invention, dried bricks areplaced in a kiln-chamber, preferably mounted upon suitable trucks movingon a track or way, which may be, and preferably is, extended through aclosed tunnel. When operating to the best advantage, a series of saidkilnchambers are connected together in a train, which is advanced stepby step through said closed tunnel, the said tunnel being spacedsufliciently away from the train of kilnchambers toform a dryingchamber, preferably above the train of kiln-chambers, and the burningoperation takes place at a point in the train of kiln-chambersintermediate the ends of the train, preferably near the middle portionthereof. Convenient means are provided for the introduction of fuel intoa suitably arranged combustion chain ber constructed within each of thekilnchambers. The rear end of one kiln-chamber is connected to theforward end of the succeeding kiln-chamber in the train by a suitablefine or lines, preferably so arranged that the products of combustionare compelled to pass, and be distributed equally between all of thebricks contained in each kiln-chamber. This is preferably secured byconstructing the combustion chamber in the front of each kiln-chamberwith its discharge opening at or near the top of the kiln-chamber, andwith the fines which connect with the next succeeding chamber in thetrain located at or near the bottom of the kiln-chamber, and leadinginto the combustion chamber of the succeeding kilnchamber.

The bricks are burned at the point where the fuel is admitted to thekiln-chamber, and the hot products of combustion are preferably passedin an indirect or zigzag line through the several kiln-chambers to therear-chamber of the train, and thence to a suitable outlet, anartificial draft being employed to effect the passage ofjthe gases ofcombustion rearward. When the bricks in the middle kiln-chamber orchambers have been sufliciently burned, the train is. advanced thelength of one kiln-chamber, a new chamber with dried (and preferablyhot) bricks is added to the rear of the train and introduced into thetunnel as the train is advanced. By this means, the hot gasesof-combustion act to burn the bricks in the kiln-chambers wherecombustion actually takes place, and as the gases are drawn rear- I wardthrough the train, serve to heat up the bricks in that portion of thetrain to the rear of the point where actual burning takes place, so thatwhen they reach the point of actual combustion, they are already wellheated and the actual burning operation can be thus performed much morerapidly and economically. In this way, the bricks are passed through aheating up, and then through a burning zone. Having been burned, thekiln-chambers containing the highly heated burned bricks are advancedstep by step through the tunnel beyond the burning, station, asadditional kiln-chambers containing dried vbricks are added to therearofrthe train at the initial end of the inclosing tunnel.

Each. of the kiln-chambers is provided with an outlet or outlets,preferably located I in the top thereof, and closed by a suitable valveor cover during the heating up and the burning steps. After thekiln-chamber haspassed the burning station, however, the

valves or covers of these outlets are opened,

and cold air is introduced orallowed to enter at the forward end of thetrain at or near the outlet of the tunnel, which air passes between theheatedbricks, and cools them by absorbing the heat therefrom, and thenpasses through the outlets in'the kilnchambers into the space of thesurrounding tunnel. The passage of this air over the burned'bri'cksissecured by an artificial draft. 7

Preferably the artificial draft, moves the hot products of combustionfrom the burning station rearward through the train to heat up thebricks previous to burning, is secured by a suction draft 10- end of thetunnel. This may be in the naother means for effectively producing asucwhich r cated at'the rear end of the train or initial ture of asuction fan or suitable stack, orany' l tion draft. The artificial draftof air overthe burned bricks, however, may be a forced draft, such as afan or any other means for forcing the air into the front end of thetrain and through the kilnchambers. This forced draft acts to force thecooling current of air between the hot bricks and outward through theoutlets in the kiln-chambers, and also may be used to supply therequisite amount of air to support combustion at the combustionstat-ion.

The inclosing tunnel is preferably of sufficient length to permit thebricks which are introduced at the rear end of the train (.the initialend of the tunnel) to become properly heated up by the time they reachthe combustion station, and also to permit the burned bricks to becooled by the time they reach'the exit end'of the tunnelat the forwardend of the train, to be removed there:

.' train at the initial endof the tunnel, the

' kiln-chamber is not only supplied with-dried bricks withinthe'kiln-chamber, but preferably there is also a quantity of wet bricksor bricksto be dried on top of the kilnchamber. Preferably, these bricksare in unit groups, which groups are also prefer ably of such size orcontain such a number of bricks that one or more of the groups will fillor charge the kiln-chamber when they are dried and removed from. the topof the kiln-chamber and placed therein, as will be hereinafterdescribed.

Preferably, each of the kiln-chambers has a forward Wall entirelyclosing the forward end of the kiln-chamber, except for the flue orfiues whereby it is connected to the kiln chamber immediately precedingit in the train, as before mentioned. The rear end of each of thekiln-chambers may be, and preterably is, open, that is, without anyendwall (this open ng being for the purpose of filling and emptying thechamber). When the several kiln-chambers are butted together end to endto form the train, the closed end of one kiln-chamber is joined to theopen rear end of the immediatelypreceding kilnchamber, therebye'liectively closing the said opening, but leaving communication betweenthe chambers by reason of the fines. Suitable construction is providedfor effectively.

sealing the joints between the kiln-chambers when the chambers arecoupled together in any suitable manner to form a continuous train.

The hot products of combustion are drawn rearward by the suction draftwithin the several kiln-chambers to the rear of the com: bustionstation, and pass outward through the outlet in the rear end of thetrain. The

closed joints under ordinary working conditions are intended to prevent.the leakage of the gases of combustion from the kiln-cham bers into thesurrounding space of the tu-nnel to the rear of theco-mbustion chamber;however, there may be more or. less openings through the joints. but thesuction draft prevents the exit of the gasesof combustion through suchopenings. This is of particular importance, since the gases of combustion, it they come in contact with the wet bricks, would seriouslyinjure the same, and materially reduce their appearance and marketvalue. At the same time, while the hot. products of combustion areretained within the kiln-chambers, the heat radiated from the top, sidesand bottom surfaces of all. the kiln-chambers of the train acts to heatup the air of the inclosing tunnel, and greatly assists in dryingthe'bricks. The air forced intothe rear end of the train at the exit end ofthe tunnel, and passing bet-ween the hot burned bricks, emerges throughthe outlets in the kiln-chambers. into the space of the surroundingtunnel, after becoming. highly heated through contact with the burnethbricks, and this heated air, in conjunction with the air heated by.radiation from the kiln-chambers serves to eflectively dry the bricksontop of the kiln-chambers. It willthus be observed that the driedbricks within the kiln-chambers are continuously passed through aheating up, a burning and a cooling zone, and that the wet bricks on topof 'the kiln-chambers are simultaneously dried by theactionof wasteheat.

lVhen a kiln-chamber having dried bricks within the. same and Wet ordamp bricks 'on top of the same; is added to the rear end 1 of the trainat the initial end of the tunnel, and the train advanced the length ofone kiln-chamber, the forward kiln-chamber of the train emerges from theexit. end of the tunnel with hot .dried bricks thereon, and with burnedbrickstherein. And since preferably, as above suggested, the bricks areplaced in the kiln-chan'iber in unit groups, suitable means for handlingthe bricks in unit groups are provided, which l'filIlOTQ the charge ofbricks from within the kiln-cha1nher in one or more unit groups. Thisoperation being performed by suitable 'apparatus, rather than removing.the bricks si fly by hand, the bricks 'CZULbQ removed while the kiln isstill too hot to be entered by on top of the kili'rchanibcr lltilicrably been placed. thereon in unit gr he said unit groups are liftedbodily 1*" h mm 0 units by suitable apparatus and placed with \I in thekiln through the open end thereof. Wet bricks-are then placed upon thekilnchamber, preferably in a unit group or groups, as before, and thekiln is then immediately returned to the initial end of the tunnel andattached to the rear end of the train, or the kiln may be charged orunloaded, and the bricks handled at any conbricks were introduced cold,are thus saved. A further and important advantage is; secured by havingthe bricks and the kilnchamber hot at the time. they are introduced intothe train, and subjected to the action of the gases of combustion. Thesegases carry a considerable amount of moisture which would be condensedon the bricks if they were cold. This moisture would take up alargeamount of impurities carried by the gases of combustion, and when themoisture was again evaporated from the bricks as they were heated up,the impurities would remain on the burned bricks forming a white coatinknown in the artas white wash.

' By havingthe bricks and kiln hot. when first subjected to the actionof the gases of combustion, no condensation of the moisture on thebricks takes place, and the deposit of impurities and resultantwhitewash is avoided.

A further advantage, due to the introduction of the hot kiln and hotbricks, "lies in the fact that the train itself and the inclosing tunnelneed not be as long as would be required if the bricks and kiln-chamberswere introduced at the initial end of the tunnel in a cold state, sothat the cost of the plant is thus materially reduced.

The inventive idea involved in my method of drying, burning, cooling andhandling bricks may be carried out with a variety of forms of apparatus,and for the purpose of assisting me in describing my. method, I haveshown one form of apparatus in the accompanying drawings, but it is tobe expressly understood that the invention is not limited to the use ofthe particular apparatus illustrated in the drawings, and that suchapparatus is not intended to indicate the limits of the invention,reference being had to the claims for this purpose; Furthermore, it willbe readily understood by those skilled in the art that certain steps ofmy novel method may be practised Without necessarily practising certainof the other steps. For example, the bricks may be heated up, burned andcooled according to my invention, even though the bricks may have beendried in any other approved Way, andv the appended claims are intendedto cover and define such subprocesses or steps, as well as when theprocess is practised as awhole and in the preferred manner herein setforth.

)Vhile I have described producer gas as the fuel, either gas, oil, coal(preferably powdered) or other suitable fuel may be employed.

In the drawings illustrating one'form of the apparatuswhich I may employin practising my invention,-Figure 1 is a broken plan view, and Fig. 2 aside elevation; Fig. 13 is an enlarged vertical sectional detail of 1/the rear end of the train of kiln-chambers entering the initial end ofthe tunnel; Fig. 4 is a like view of the forward end of the train ofkiln-chambers at the exit end of the tunnel; Fig. 5 is a verticallongitudinal section taken at the combustion station 111- termediate theends of the tunnel; Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical section taken on theline 66 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a central longitudinal section of the trainof kiln-chambers and the tunnel; Fig. 8 is a'perspectiie view of thetransfer fork; Fig. 9 is a detail showing the joint closure; and Fig. 10is a detail ,showing the means for coupling the kilnchambers together.

Referring to these drawings, in which like reference numerals indicatelike parts, 1 indicates an inclosing tunnel having a suitable track orway. 2 extending longitudinally therethrough, and 3 is a combustionsupply station located intermediate the ends of the tunnel and providedwith: any suitable or desired number (here shown as three) nozzles orother devices 4 for introducing the fuel through the Walls of the tunnel1 and of, the kiln-chambers .into the distributing ducts 5 of thekiln-chambers. A gas producer G is connected by a suitable conduit 7with the fuel supply stat-ion. On the track 2 extending through thetunnel is a train of wheeled kiln-chambers 8, 8, of suitable refractorymaterial. These kiln-chambers are preferably of the crown-kiln type (anoval crown is shown, but a fly crown may be used), as shown incross-section in Fig. 6,

and are closed at one end, shown in the presform a combustion chamber 11in communica-,

tion with the distributing. ducts 5 through ports or openings 12. Thisflash wall 10 in the present instance extends entirely across thekiln-chamber and from the bottom there- .of upward, terminating short ofthe top or -crown of the chamber, so as to leave a free communicationbetween the top of the combustion chamber 11 and the upper portion ofthe kiln-chamber. If desired, this flash wall' may be closed, or leftopen at its top and hottom, as shown. Suitable brick supports arearranged within the kiln-chambers 8 for supporting the bricks to beburned. These supports may be, and preferably are, in the form oflongitudinally arranged ribs 17 of refractory material suitably spacedapart so as to leave fines or ducts 18 between them.

These ribs may be supported in any suitable way, andin the presentinstance are shown as resting upon the floors of the kiln-chambers, andthe flues 18 between theribs areor may be in open communication with thebottoms of the fines or ducts 15.

\Vhile in the present instance, the fuel distributing ducts or flues 5are shown at the bottom and at'the forward end of the kilnchambers, thisparticular location is not essential, since they maybe otherwise locatedand the combustion chamber correspondingly changed, but the arrangementshown is the one preferred.

Through the forward end wall of each of the kiln-chambers, a flue'orflues 19 is or may be provided communicating, as in the presentinstance, with the bottom of the combustion chamber 11, and through thetop or 'crown of the kiln-chambers air-outlet flues 20 are formed, whichare. provided with suitable closures or covers 21. One or more of suchoutlet flues maybe provided for each kiln-chamber, and as here shown,Fig. 6, there are-two of such lines. The covers 21 may be removed orplaced in position by means of suitable rods or hooks introduced throughopenings 22, 22, in the side walls of f the tunnel 1.

Extending transversely or longitudinally on the top of the kiln-chambersare suitably spaced supporting ribs 23 for carrying the wet bricks. Therear face or end of the inclosing walls of the kiln-chambers has formedtherein a suitable depression 24: (Fig. 9), for the reception'ofsuitablesealing plastic material, such asasbestos cement, and the forward orclosed end wall of each kil n-section has a corresponding rib orprojection 25 for entering the plasticmaterial inthe depression 24 whenthe kiln-chambers are butted together and coupled into the train, thusformmg a male and female joint. I

close ,the joint bet-ween the'hood and the.

kiln-chamber. This hood is mounted on a horizontal axis 29 (Fig. 1) soas to be on pable of swinging in a vertical plane to lift it out'of theway when a kiln-chamber is to be passed into the tunnel, as hereinafterdescribed. The suction fan discharges through any suitable outlet,direotlyto the atmosphere or otherwise, as desired.

Arranged at the exit end of the tunnel is a suitable means, such as afan 30, for producing a" forced draft, which fan, is connected by asuitable duct 31, with a hood 32, which extends across I the I rear endof the forward kiln-chamber in the train at the exit end of the tunnel.Thisv hood 32 is of such size and shape as to cover the flues, 19leading into the combustion chambers 11, so that the air forced in bythe fan 30 enters the kiln-chambers through the will be readilyunderstood.

The tunnel 1 is provided at or near its initial end with a draft outlet,hereshown as a stack 33 (Fig. 3), and is provided at its initial endwith a vertically adjustable gate or closure 34, preferablycounterbalanced by aweight 35, andthe rear or exit end of the tunnel isprovided with a like closure or gate 36 and 'counterbalancing weight 37When these gates are in their raised position, as shown in Figs. 3 and4, they permit the passage of the kilns with the bricks on top thereof,and when thekilns have enflues 19 and the combustion chambers 11,.as

tered the tunnel, they are lowered and rest upon the upper surface ofthe kiln-chambers to close the ends of the tunnel, as will be readilyunderstood. The space between the sides and bottom of the kiln-chambersand the tunnel walls and floor is closed by flexi- "ble shields 34 (Fig.7'). I

Referring to Fig. 1, 38 is a transfer track extending, at right anglesto the direction of' the tunnel and adjacent to the initial end thereof,and on'a plane below that of the track of the tunnel, as clearlyshown'in Fig. 2, and 39 is a like transfer track extending transverselyto the tunnel and on a plane below that of the track in thetunnel, while40 is a track preferably on the same horizontal plane as the track inthe tunnel, and parallel therewith, the tracks 38..a nd 39 extendingpast the ends ofthetrack 2 and the track 40. Upon the tracks 38 and 39are suitable transfer trucks 41,. having short tracks or rails 42extending transversely across the trucks, which tracks or rai1s are sospaced as to exactly register with and form extensions of the rails ofthe tracks 2 and 40', so that when the trucks are placed in a positionopposite the tunnel, a "kiln-chamber resting. upon-the rails can beadvanced off of the truck into the tunnel or out of the tunnel onto thetruck, as the case may be, and likewise, the kilns may be readilytransferred from or onto the track 40. Anysuitable means maybe employedfor transferring the trucks from the point opposite the ends of thetrack 2 to the point opposite the ends of the'track 40.

For the purpose of-coupling the several kiln-chambers together into acontinuous train when the closed end of one kilnchamber abuts the openend of the next kilnchamber in the train, any suitable coupling meansmay be provided. Preferably, a coupling which will act to draw thesections closely together and force the tongue. or male member 25 intothe female member 24, is employed. As here shown, such coupling deviceconsists of an eccentrically mounted hook 43 provided with a lever arm44 on one of the kiln-chambers, which hook engages a pivoted link 45mounted on the adjacent kiln-chamber (see Fig. 10). Any other suitablecoupling means, however, may be employed.

Preferably, the wet bricks are mounted in unit groups 46, 46,- upon thesupporting ribs or rails 23, and as here-shown, there are two of suchunit-groups 46, which two groups together constitute a complete chargefor the interior of'a kiln-chamber. These unit-groups may be originallystacked or constituted as such upon the tops of the kilnchambers, butpreferably the wet bricks are stacked in unit-groups of the desired sizeat a suit-able station, and are then transferred as ,unit-groups fromsuch station'to their position on top of the kiln-chambers.

This has the advantage that the hot kilnchamber does not have to remainout of the tunnel during the time that would be required to stack theunit-group's on the top thereof.

The unit-groups'of bricks, when the same have been dried, aretransferred as unitgroups from the top of a kiln-chamber to the interiorof a kiln-chamber, and preferably tothe interior of the same chamber uon which they'were dried, and when'the bricks are burned, they arepreferably removedfrom the kiln-chamber as unit-groups, and depositedfor storage or ina wagon or other suitable carrierfor removal.

For the purpose of handling thebricks in unit-groups as above described,suitable means are provided for lifting thev un it-'v groups ofbri'cksonto and off ofthesupports! on top of the kiln-chambers, and forinserting the unit-groups as units within, and removing them from, thekiln chambers.

For this purpose, there is provided a series of vertically adjustablehorizontal arms, which may be inserted between the rails or "ribs 23v ontop' of the kilnchambers for placing the bricks in position upon theribs 23, and when the weight of the bricks. is received by said ribs,the

horizontal .arms are slightly lowered and then withdrawn horizontally.Likewise, when the bricks are to be removed from the kiln-chambers, thehorizontal arms are in: serted in the openings or spaces between theribs 23, and are then raised or adjusted vertically so as to lift theunit group of bricks as a Whole. In the same way, the bricks are placedwithin the kiln-chambers by extending the horizontal arms into the openend of the kiln-chambers between the ribs for supporting the brickstherein, and are then slightly lowered and withdrawn horizontally, thereverse of this movement serving to remove the .bricks from thekiln-chamber. Any suitable means for effecting this function may beemployed. As herein shown, there is arranged at the initial end of thetunnel 1 a, suitable overhead or elevated track '47 (Figs. 2 and 8), onwhich travels a truck 48, from which depends a chain or cable 49. Aseries of horizontally extending fingers or arms 50 so spaced as topermit the said fingers or arms to enter between the ribs 23 on top of.the kiln-chambers or the supporting ribs 17 within the kiln-chambers,are connected by suitable upright members .51 to an overheadhorizontally extending member or members 52, the overhead members 52 andthe lower arms 50 being preferably extended at approximatelyright-angles to the upright members 51." The whole is united into akindof fork, by means of a suitable connecting member 53, 01. other---wise, at the top, so as to 'forma rigid carryingdevice or structure, andmounted on the top thereof is a Windlass 54, around which chain 49extends, which Windlass is secured to a shaft 55, which in turn carriesa sprocket-wheel 56, over which extends an endless chain 57, which alsopasses around a lower sprocket-wheel 58, operated by a crank-handle 59.By operating the crankhandle 59, thechain 49 can be wound upon 'theindlass 54 or unwound therefromto raise or lower the forked carrier,whichis capable of being turned in a horizontal plane around the chain49- as a'support', a suitable lever or handlesGO being provided for thispurpose or this fork or lifting device may be attached to an overheadcon ventional crane.

can be elevated into the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2, so astoextend the I forked arms 50 under-the pile of dried bricks 61 on 'topof thekiln chamber, and lift them therefrom as a un t group, after themale and v I into the tunneluntll the forward k1ln-chamwhich the truck183 is run. rearward to the position shownin-full lines in Fig. 2, andthe fork is then lowered into the position shown in said fulllines, whenthe truck 48 may be again advanced, thereby running the unit-group ofdried bricks 61 into the kiln chamber 8 when, the forks being slightlylowered with the arms 50 in the spaces between the ribs or supportswithin the kiln-chamber, theunit-group of bricks comes to rest upon saidribs and the truck 48 being moved rearward, the fork is withdrawn andthe second unit-group of bricks is then placed/within the kiln in thesame manner.

It will be readily understood that instead of the horizontal fork51'being advanced into and withdrawn from the kiln chamber,

the fork with its load of bricks might be permitted to remainstationary, and the kiln-chamber advanced to and from the fork carryingthe bricks, the result in either event being the same, viz., that theunit- 3 group of bricks would be placed within the kiln-chamber, andsuch a methodof opera: tion would, therefore, be the equivalent of thatin which the fork is advanced into the chamber and withdrawn therefromas above described. 1

Operation: in operation, any suitable or desired number of kiln-chambersmay be,

employed to form a train extending through the inclosed tunnel. Asordinarily employed, I prefer to make up a train of say twenty-four ormore kiln-chambers, 'the 'iw closing tunnel being of such a length as toreceive a train of this length, less one or inore chambers which mayproject out from each end of the tunnel.- 'lhekiln-chambers, with driedbricks therein and wet bricks thereon, are-advanced one at a time off ofthe trucks 41 onto the track 2 at the initial end of the tunnel, and thekiln-chambers coupled together as described, the sealing of the jointsbein secured by the 'coaction of female members without the necessity ofany particular labor or attention in connection therewith. A sufficientnumber of those kiln-chambers are thus connected together one at a timeand advanced be! has reached thefirst fuel supply nozzle or means at thefuel supply station 3,when it,

is connected by such nozzle to the supply conduit, so that the fueltherefrom is permitted to enter the distributing duct or passage 5, andfrom thence supplied to 'the'combustion chamber 11 through the ports 12.The train remains'at rest for a suitable pe riod of time, which I findto be approximately' from 30 minutes to'one hour, according to thenature of the ole after which the fuel nozzle is disconnecte from theforward kiln. an additional kiln is attached to the rear end of thetrain at the initial sed,

- of the tunnehand the entire train advanced so as to bring the forwardkiln opposite the second fuel supply nozzle, when it and thekiln-chamber immediately to the rear thereof are connected to the secondand first nozzles respectively, and the train remains at rest, and theburning in the two forward chambers proceeds simultaneously. After a.proper time, the train is again advanced the length of one kiln-chamber,another kiln-cha1nber is added to the rear, and the forward threekiln-chambers are then connected to the vanced the length of onekiln-chamber, there.

is one kiln pushedfrom the exit end of the tunnel, and another oneadded'at the initial end thereof. f i

' Each of the kiln-chambers enters the'tunnel preferably withunit-groups wet bricks on. top thereof, and the fines or air outlets 20are closed by the closures or 'cov.

' ers 21, and the suction fan 26' is in operation so as to cause asuction-draft from the fuel "supply station rearward through thekilnoharnbers. This causes the gases of combus tion as they pass out ofthe combustion chambers to extend into the space at the crown of thekiln-chamber and to descend uniformly downward through the spacesbetween the dried bricks within the kiln-chamber, and, when the flue 15is employed, also causes gases of combustion to pass through the lines13, 15 and 16, and alsoout through the lower opening 10 .to the spacebeneath the bricks; Thevgases whether passing to the crown at the top ortaking any other.

course, by this means are uniformly distributed throughout thekiln-chamber, so that all the bricks therein are subjected'to a uniformburning action. I After passing downward around and between the bricks,the hot p'roducts of combustion pass through the fines 12 at the bottomof the kiln-chamber, and enter the combustion chamber ll of the nextkiln-chamber in the rear, and so on throughout the length of the train,until they reach the hood 28, where; they are drawnfoff by the suctiondraft. It will thus be perceived that the bricks upon the top of thekiln-chambers are efi'ectively shielded from the action of the productsof combustion, which latter come only in contact with the driedbrickswithin the kiln-chambers. After the kilmohambers. one byone havepassed the final fuel supply nozzle at the combustion station the tiues20 are uncovered or opened, and the forced draft from the fan 30 forcesa cooling draft of air through the spaces between the hot bricks,serving to cool the same, the air in turn becoming heated as the resultof the heat ab.- sorbed from the bricks, after which the greater portionof it passes outward through the air outlets or tlues 20 into theexterior space of the tunnel, and through the unitgroups of bricks ontop of the kiln-chambers.

The kiln-chambers are thus advanced step by step through the tunnel, andwhen the foremost kiln-chambers, say the forward two, approach the exitend of the tunnel, the air outlet flues 20 are preferably again closed,thus preventing the cold air which has only passed through thekiln-chambers containing bricks that are almost cooled from coming incontact with the dry bricks on top of the kiln-chambers. These drybricks on top of the kiln-chamber at this point are quite hot, and it isdesirable to retain some of the heat in the bricks until they are placedWithin the hot kiln-chamber, and it also is desirable to bring this airto a higher temperature by passing same through chambers of a highertemperature before allowing such air to enter the drying chamber, ashereinafter described.

During the process of combustion, not only the bricks within thekiln-chambers become highly heated and burned, but the sid'e, top andbottom walls of the kiln-chambers themselves become highly heated andradiate a very considerable amount of heat from their exterior surfaces.which is recovv ered and utilized for heating up the drying chamber orthe tunnel exterior to the kilnchamber, and this heat. in connectionwith the air driven in by the forced draft over the hot bricks andthrough the air outlets 20 into the tunnel, serves to efl'ectively drythe bricks which were wet at the initial end of the tunnel, and thisair, with the moisture which is absorbed from the bricks, then passesoutward through the stack 33.

W'hen the foremost kiln-chamber makes its exit from thetunnel, thebricks on top thereof are dry but not cold. The bricks within thekiln-chamber are burned and comparatively cool. and the kiln-chamberitself, by reason of its thick walls, is yet quite hot. Thiskiln-chamber is run upon the truck 41 at the exit end of the tunnel andshifted onto the track 40, and thence onto the truck ll on the trackylS.The burned bricks may be taken from the kilnchamber at any suitablepoint, but preferably ihey are removed therefrom at the point where-thekiln-chamber passes from the track 40 to the truck on the track 48, bymeans of the lifting fork or fingers 50, and deposited in a wagon orother suitable carrier. The hot dried bricks on top of the kiln-chamberare then removed by the fork 50,and placed within the kiln-chamber, andwet bricks, preferably in unit-groups, are placed on top of thekiln-chamber; the latter is then advanced to the initial end of thetunnel. attached to the train, and reinserted into the'tunnel while thekiln-chamber and i the bricks therein still retain a very considerableamount of heat.

As the kiln-chambers pass from the initial end of the tunnel forwardtherethrough to the exit end of the tunnel. the bricks are passedfirst'through a heating up zone. the heat being derived from theproducts of combustion drawn rearward through the train, and by the timethey arrive at the burning station. they are highly heated. and thus thetime consumed in .the burning function itself is shorter than would bethe case if the bricks reached this station in a cold condition.- Thebricks are then passed through the burning zone, and after being burned.they are then passed forward through that portion of the tunnelextending from the burning station to the exit end 1 thereof, whichportion constitutes a cooling zone. the bricks being cooled by theforced draft of cold'air entering at the forward end of the train.Simultaneously with this passing of the bricks within the kiln-chambers,through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, the wet bricks ontop of the kiln- =chamber are passed rearward through the tunnel in adrying atmosphere derived from v the waste heat radiated from thekiln-chambers constituting the train and that radiated from the burnedbricks and absorbed by the column of cooling air under pressure. Andduring all this time. the bricks on top-of the kilnchambers have beeneffectively shielded from the products ofcombustion.

Moreover, by passing the bricks to be dried, through a graduallyincreasing temperature I and then through a gradually decreasingtemperature, it possible to raise the drying bricks to a very highten1perat1ire,and i still have the bricks at the time when they maketheir exit from the tunnel sufiiciently phere will not injuriouslyaffect the same. Without the gradually decreasing temperature step. itwould not be practicable to'employ so high, and hence so effective. adrying temperature asI am enabled to utilize. This is a natter of muchimportance in the practical operation of the system.

It will be noted that the opening in each kiln-chamber through whichbricks are in sorted and removed from such chamber, is closed in forming*the train without the employment of any material other than thatforming a part of the kiln-chamber itself, or without any additionallabor other than that incident to coupling the kiln-chambers cool sothat contact with the external atmostogether. Furthermore, after thebricks have been burned, the kiln-chamber is opened for the removal ofthe bricks by simply detaching the kiln-chamber from the train. Theimportance of this lies in the fact that the labor andmaterialheretofore necessarily incident to closing a kiln-chamber of aseries for burning and in opening the same to remove the burned bricks,are entirely eliminated. Moreover, this is all accomplished in such amanner that any possible leakage of cold air into the kiln-chamberthrough the jointmust necessarily be drawn through the combustionchamber and be heated by the products of combustion before coming indirect contact with the bricks, thus avoiding the injurious eifect thatthe cold air would have if it came in contact with the highly heatedbricks.

I claim .r

1. The method of burning bricks which consists in placing heated driedbricks in a heated kiln-chamber, and then passing the bricks whilewithin the kiln-chamber continuously through a heating up and a burningzone.

The method of burning bricks which consists in placing heated driedbricks in a heated kiln-chamber, and then passing the bricks whilewithin the kiln-chamber continuously through a heating up, aburning anda cooling zone. I

The method of drying, burning and cooling bricks, which consists incontinuously passing dried bricks through a heating up, a burning and acooling zone, and simultanecusly subjecting wet bricks to the action ofwaste heat derived from the cooling of the burned bricks.

4. The method of drying and burning bricks. which consists incontinuously passing dried bricks through a heating up and a burningZone, and simultaneously subjecting wet bricks to waste heat from theheating up and burning process While shielding the wet bricks from theproducts of combustion.

The continuous method of burning bricks. which consists in passing thebricks through a heating up, a burning, and a cooling zone whilesubjecting the heating up zone to a suction draft and the cooling zone.

to a forced draft.

6. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks, whichconsists in passing dried bricks through a heating up.a burning and acooling zone, and wet bricks through a drying atmosphere whilesubjecting the heating up zone to. a. suction draft, and the'coolingzone and the drying zone to a forced draf I 7. The continuous methcd ofdrying, burning and cooling bricks, which consists in subjecting driedbricks to hot products of combustion in a heating up and a burning Izone. passing an air draft between the burned bricks, and then betweenthe wet bricks. while shielding the wet bricks from the products ofcombustion.

8. The process of drying and burning bricks, which consists insimultaneously j heating up a kiln and drying wet bricks by burning asuitable fuel within the kiln While shielding the wet bricks from theproducts of combustion. and then placing the dried bricks within theheated kiln-chamber and passing both through a heating up and a burningzone. i

9. The process of dryin through a heating up and a burning zone andsimultaneously passing wet bricks through an atmosphere graduallyincreasing in temperature and gradually decreasing in moisture.

10. The process of drying and burning bricks, which consists in passingdried bricks through a heating up and a burning zone and simultaneouslypassing wet bricks through an atmosphere whose temperature graduallyincreased by waste heat derived from the burning operation.

bricks which consists in passing dried bricks through a heating up and aburning zone and simultaneously passing wet bricks through a warm moistatmosphere whose moisture gradually decreases and whose temperature isradually increased by waste heat due to the urning operation.

12. The process of drying and burning bricks, which consists insimultaneously and continuously passing dried bricks to be burned andwet bricks to be dried through an inclcsure, subjecting the dried bricksto products of combustion to burn the same and the wet bricks to heatdue to the burning operation to dry the same while shielding the wetbricks from the products of combustion. 13. The process of drying andburning bricks, which consists in placing wet bricks upon and exteriorto a kiln'-chamber,subjecting said chamber interiorly to heated productsofcombustion while passing it through an inclosure, then placing thebricks within the kiln-chamber and subjecting them to the direct burningaction of the products of combustion while again passing the kilnchamberthrough said tunnel.

14. The process of treating bricks which consists in moving bricks to beburned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnel providedwith a heating up, a bu'rning and a cooling zone, the bricks to be driedbelng separated and shielded from the products of combustion in theburning zone. v 15. A process of drying, burning and cooling brickswhich consists in passing bricks and burning bricks, winch consists inpassing dried bIlCkS.

11. The process of drying and burning to be burned and bricks to bedried simultaneously through a tunnel provided with a heating up, aburning. and a cooling zone, shielding the bricks to be dried from thedi rect heat of the burning zone and submitting t the bricks to be driedto the direct waste heatafter passing through the burning zone.

16. The process of treatingbricks which consists in moving bricks to beburned and bricks to be dried simultaneously in the same directionthrough a tunnel provided with a heating up, a burning and a coolingzone, the bricks to be driedbeing separated and shielded from theproducts of combustion in the burning zone, the shield being movedsimultaneously with the bricks to be dried and bricks to be burned.

17. The process of treating bricks which consists in moving bricks to beburned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnel providedwith a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, the bricks to be driedbeing separated and shielded from the products of combustion in theburning zone, and unloading the bricks in unit groups.

18. A process of drying, burning and cooling bricks which consists inpassing bricks to be burned and-bricks to be dried simultaneouslythrough a tunnel provided with a heat' ing up, a burning and a coolingzone, shielding the bricks to be dried from the direct heat of theburning zone, and submitting the bricks to be dried to the direct wasteheat after passing through the burning zone, and unloading the bricks inunit groups.

19. The process of treating bricks which consists in passing bricks tobe burned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnelprovided with a heating up. a burning and a cooling zone, shielding thebricks to be dried from the products of combustion, submitting thebricks to be dried to a gradually rising temperature. then to agradually descending temperature. cooling the burned bricks, unloadingthe burned bricks in unit groups, replacingthe burned bricks by driedbricks, substituting for the dried bricks undried bricks, and repeatingthe operation.

20. The process of treating bricks which consists in passing bricks tobe burned and bricks to be dried simultaneously through a tunnelprovided with a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone. shielding thebricks to be dried from the products of combustion, submitting thebricks to be dried to a gradually rising temperature. then to agradually descending temperature, cooling the burned bricks, unloadingthe burned bricks, replacing the burned bricks by the dried bricks,substituting for the dried bricks undried bricks, and repeating theoperation.

21. A continuous process of drying, burning. cooling and handling bricksin unit groups which consists in passing bricks to be burned and bricksto be dried simultaneously through a tunnel provided with a heating up,a burning and a cooling zone, submitting the bricks to be dried to thewaste heat from the cooling of the burned bricks, unloading the burnedand cooled bricks, re-

placing the burned bricks by the dried bricks and repeating theoperation.

22. A continuous process of drying, burning, cooling and handling brickswhich consists in passing bricks to be burned and bricks to be driedsimultaneously through a .tunnel provided with a heating up, a burningand a cooling zone, summitting the bricks to be dried to the waste heatfrom the cooling bricks, unloading the burned and cooled bricks in unitgroups, replacing the burned bricks by dried bricks, substituting forthe dried bricks undried bricks and again passing said bricks throughthe zones and repeating the operation.

23. A continuous process of drying, burning, cooling and handling brickswhich consists in passing bricks to be burned and bricks to be driedsimultaneously through a tunnel provided with a heating up, a burn ingand a cooling zone, submitting the bricks to be dried to the waste heatfrom the cooling bricks, unloading the burned and cooled bricks,replacing the burned bricks by dried bricks, substituting for the driedbricks un-- dried bricks and repeating the operation.

24. A continuous process of drying, burning, COOllIlQ' and handlingbricks in unit.

groups whicn consists in passing-bricks to be burned and brlcks to bedried simultane ously through a tunnel provided with a heating up, aburning and a cooling zone,

submitting the bricks to be dried to the waste heat from the burningzone and to the waste heat from the cooling bricks, unloading the burnedand cooled bricks in unit groups, replacing the burned bricks by driedbricks. substituting for the dried bricks un-' burned bricks by driedbricks. replacing the a dried bricks by undried bricks and again passingsaid bricks through the zones and repeating the operation continuously.

26. An improved method of treating bricks which consists in passingbricks in loads to .be burned and bricks in loads to be driedsimultaneously inithe same direction through cooled bricks in unitgroups, replacing the burned bricks by dried bricks, replacing the driedbricks by undried bricks and again passing said bricks through saidtunnel and repeating the operation continuously.

27. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists inloading a series of movable kiln-chambers with unit groups of bricks,gradually moving the bricks while within, said chambers through a heatzone and through a cooling zone, and removing the bricks in unit groupsfrom the said kiln chambers.

28. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists inloading a series of movable. kiln-chambers with bricks, gradually movingthe bricks while within said. chambers through a heat zone and through acooling zone, and removing the bricks in unit groups from the saidkilnchambers.

29. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists inloading a series of movable-kiln-chambers with unit groups of bricks,gradually moving the bricks while within said chambers through a heatzone and through a cooling zone, and removing the bricks from the saidkilnchambers.

30. The method of burning and cooling bricks which consists in loadingunburned bricks in unit groups within a series of connectible, movablekiln-chambers, creating an artificial draft from end to end of saidseries, passing the bricks while within the chamber through a heatingzone, then through a burning zone and finally through a cooling zoneandremoving the burned bricks in unit groups, the said progressivemovements being in the reverse direction to the movement of theartificial draft.

31. The method of burning and cooling bricks which consists in loadingunburned bricks Within a series of connectib'l'e, movable kiln-chambers,providing andmaintaining an artificial draft from end to end of saidseries, passing the bricks while Within said chambers through a heatingzone, then through a burning zone, and finally through a coo-ling zone,and removing the burned bricks in unit groups, the said progressivemovements being in the reverse direction to the movement of theartificial draft.

The method of burning and cooling GO'bricks whichconsists in loadingunburned bricks in unit roups Within a series of con nectible, movablekiln-chambers, providing and maintaining an artificial draft from end toend of said series, passing the bricks while within the chambers througha heat ing zone, then through a burning zone and finally through acooling zone and removing the burned bricks, the said progressivemovements being in the reverse direction to the movement of theartificial draft.

The method of burning, cooling and handling br1cks which consists inplacing unburned bricks in unit groups within movable, connectible,intercommunicable kiln.- chambers connecting the chambers together,creating an artificial draft in one direction through the series ofchambers, moving the bricks while within the chambers progressively inthe opposite direction to the move ment of the draft through a heatingup zone, then through a burning zone, and then through a cooling zone,and finally removing the burned bricks in unit groups from thekiln-chambers.

34. The method of burning, cboling and .handlingbricks which consists inplacing unburned bricks within movable, connectible, intercommunicablekiln-chambers, con-- necting the chambers together, creating anartificial draft in one direction through the chambers, moving thebricks while within said chambers progressively in a direction oppositeto that of the draft through a heating up zone, then through a burningzone, and then through a cooling zone and finally removing the cooledbricks in unit groups from the kiln-chambers.

35. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists inplacing unburned bricks in unit groups Within movable, connectible,intercommunicable kilnchambers, connecting the chambers'together,ereating an artificial draft in one direction through the chambers,moving the bricks while Within said chambers progressively in theopposite direction to the draftthrough a heating up zone, then through aburning zone, then through a cooling zone, and finally removing thecooled bricks from the. kiln-chambers.

36. The method of treating bricks which consists in placing bricks inunit groups horizontally into a series of intercommunicablekiln-chambers provided with fixed crowns, burning and cooling thebricks-pr'o- I gressively and removing the bricks in unlt groupshorizontally from the kiln-chambers.

37. The method of treating bricks which consists in placing bricks in aseries of intercon'imunicable kiln'chambers provided with fixed crowns,burning and cooling the bricks progressively and removing the bricks inunit groups horizontally from the kiln-chambers.

38. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists inprogressively loading movable fixed crown kilnchambers with bricks'inunit groups to be burned, gradually moving said bricks while within saidchambers through a heat-z and through a cooling zone, and removing thebricks in unitgroups from the said kiln chambers.

39. The continuous process of burning, cooling and handling bricks whichconsists in progressively loading a seriesof openended movablekiln-chambers with unit groups of bricks, gradually moving said brickswhile within said chambers through a heat zone and through a coolingzone, and finally removing the bricks in unit groups from the open endsof the kiln-chambers.

40. The continuous process of burning, cooling and handling bricks whichconsists in progressively loading a series of-openended movablekiln-chambers with bricks, gradually moving said bricks while withinsaid chambers through a heat zone and through a cooling zone, andfinally removing the bricks in unit groups from the open ends of thekiln-chambers.

41. The continuous process of burning, cooling and handling bricks whichconsists in loading a series of 'movable kiln-chambers by lifting thebricks in unit groups horizontally into said chambers, moving saidbricks while within. said chambers through a heat zone, and through acooling zone and finally removing the bricks in unit groups horizontallyfrom said chambers.'

42. The process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consist inloading a series of movable kiln-chambers with unit groups of driedbricks, moving'said bricks while within said chambers through a heatzoneand through a cooling zone and removing the bricks in unit'groups fromthe chambers before the kiln-chambers have cooled, and reloading thewarm kiln chambers with unit groups of dried bricks to be again passedthrough the zones.

43. The process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consistsin loading a series of movable kiln-chambers with dried bricks, movingsaid bricks while within said chambers through a heat zone and through acooling zone and removing the bricks in unit groups from the chambersbefore the kiln-chambers have cooled and reloading thewarm'kiln-chambers With dried bricks in unit groups to be again passedthrough the zones.

44. The process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consistsin loading a series of vmovable kiln-chambers with dried bricks in unitgroups, moving said bricks while within said chambers through a heatzone and through a cooling zone and removing bricks from the chambersbefore the kiln-chambers have entirely cooled, and reloading the warmkiln-chambers with dried bricks in unit groups to be again passedthrough the zones.

45. The process of burning, coolin handling bricks which consists in'loaing a and a series of warm movable kiln-chambers with unit groups ofwarm bricks, moving said bricks while within said chambers through aheatzone and then through a. cooling zone and finally removing thebricks from the chambers while said chambers are. warm and reloadingsaid cars with "unit groups of warm bricks to be again passedthrough'the zones.'

.47. The method of burning bricks, which consistsin placing dried bricksin separate, connectible kiln-chambers on wheels, pass-' ing thekiln-chambers through a tunnel, creating a heating up, a burning and acooling zone, and causing a draft to flow through the series ofconnected chambers in ,a'continuous up and down direction, substantiallyas described.

48. The method of drying and burning bricks, which consists 'in placingdried bricks in separate, connectible kiln-chambers on wheels, placingwet bricks on said kilnchambers exterior thereto, connecting saidchambers into a train, passing the train progressively through a tunnel,creating in said train a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, andcausing a draft to flow through the train in a continuous upward anddownward course, whereby the bricks in the train are heated up burnedand cooled, and the .wet bricks on the exterior of the chambers aredried by the waste heat from the burn- -heat from the kiln-chambers inthe heating up and burning zones, and by the direct heat from thecooling bricks zone.-

'50. The process of burning bricks, which consists in placing driedbricks within a in the cooling train; of kilnscha'mbers connected byflues,

, bricks passing said train step by ste through an inclosing tunnel,progressive y supplying products of combustion to one or more of saidchambers intermediate the ends of the train, and passing a draft throughsaid' an atmosphere gradually increasing in tem- )erature and 'radualldecreasing in moist I D are.

53. The process of drying and burning bricks, which consists in passingbricks through a heating up and a burning zone and simultaneouslypassing bricks through an atmosphere whose temperature is graduallyincreased by waste heat derived from the burning operation.

54. The method of treating bricks, which consists in placing brickswithin a kilnchamber through an opening formed in one of the wallsthereof, closing said opening by connecting said chamber with anotherkilnchamber, moving the bricks while within the kiln-chamber through aheating up zone, and afterward removing the bricks from the kilnchamber.

The method of treating bricks, which consists in placing bricks within akilnchamber through an opening formed in one of the walls thereof,simultaneously closing and sealing said opening by connecting saidchamber with another kiln-chamber, moving the bricks while within thekiln-chamber through aheating up zone. and afterward removing the bricksfrom the kiln-chamber. The method of reating bricks, which consists inplacing bricks to be burned within akiln-chamber through an openingformed in one of the walls thereof, closing said opening by connectingthe said chamber with another kiln-chamber, moving the while within thekiln-chamber through a burning zone, and afterward removing the bricksfrom the kiln-chamber.

5-7. The method of treating bricks, which consists in placing bricks tobe burned within a kiln-chamber through an opening formed in one of thewalls thereof, simulta neously'closing and sealing said opening byconnecting said chamber with another kilnchamber, moving the brickswhile within the kiln-chamber through a burning zone, and afterwardremoving the bricks from the kiln-chamber.

58. The method of treating bricks, which consists in placing brickswithin a kilnchamber through an opening formed in one of the wallsthereof, closin said opening by connecting said kiln-chain er withanother kiln-chamber, moving the bricks while within the kiln-chamberthrough a heating up zone, afterward opening the kiln-chamber byseparating the same from its adjacent kiln chamber, and finally removingthe bricks.

59. The method of treating bricks, which consists in placing bricksto beburned within a kiln-chamber through an opening formed in one of thewalls thereof, closing said opening by connecting said chamber withanother kiln-chamber, moving the bricks while within the kiln-chamberthrough a burning zone, opening the kiln-chamber by separating the samefrom its adjacent kiln-chamber, and finally removing the burned bricks.

60. The method of treating bricks which consists in placing bricks inunit groups horizontally into a series of intercommunicablekiln-chambers provided with fixed crowns, burning and cooling the bricksprogressively and removing the bricks from the kiln-chambers.

61. The method of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consists inprogressively loading movable fixed crown kilnchambers with bricks to beburned, gradually moving said chambers through a heat Zone and through acooling zone and removing the bricks in unit groups from the saidkiln-chambers.

62. The method of burning, cooling and,

handling bricks which consists in progressively loading movable fixedcrown kiln.- chambers with bricks in unit groups to be burned, graduallymoving said chambers through a heat zone and through a cooling zone andremoving the bricks from the said kiln chambers.

63. The continuous process of burning,

cooling and handling bricks which consists in progressively loading aseries, of open ended movable kiln-chambers with unit groups of bricks,gradually moving said chambers through a heat zone and through a coolingzone and finally removing the bricks from the open ends of thekiln-chambers.

G l. The continuous process of burning, cooling and handling brickswhich consists in loading a series of movable kiln-chambers by liftingthe bricks into said chambers, moving said chambers through'a heat zone,and through a cooling zone-and finally're moving the bricks in unitgroups horizontally from said chambers.

G5. The continuous process of burning, cooling and handling bricks whichconsists in loading a series of movable kiln-chambers by lifting thebricks in unit groups horizontally into said chambers, movingsaidchambers through a heat zone, and through a cooling zone and finallyremoving the bricks from said chambers.

66. The process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consistsin placing in each of a series of movable crownkilnchambers one unitgroup of bricks, moving the chambers progressively through a heat zoneand through a cooling zone and unloading the kiln-chambers in unitgroups.

67. The process of burning, cooling and handling Bricks which consistsin placing in each of a series of movable crown kilnchambers bricks,moving the chambers progressively through a heat zone and through acooling zone and unloading the kiln-chain hers in unit groups.

68. The process of' burning, cooling and handling bricks which consistsin placing in each of. a series of movable crown kilnchambers one unitgroup of bricks, moving the chambers progressively through a heat zoneand through a cooling zone and unloading the kiln-chambers.

69. The process of burning, cooling and handling bricks which consistsin loading a series of movable kiln-chambers with unit groups of bricks,moving said .chamb'ers through a heat zone and then through a coolingzone and finally removing the bricks from the chambers while saidchambers are warm and reloading said cars with unit groups of bricks tobe again passed through the zones.

70. The art of drying, burning and cooling bricks by a continuousprocessfrom a single source of heat, which consists in placing driedbricks within a series of traveling kiln-chambers, placing green bricksto be dried on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving said kiln-chambersprogressively through zones of varying degrees of temperature,disconnecting the kiln-chambers from one end of the series, unloadingsaid chambers, reloading said chambers with dried and green bricks,again passing the chambers through the zones, and repeating the processcontinuously.

71. The continuous process of drying, cooling and burning bricks whichconsists in loading a series of movable, connectible kiln-chambers withdried bricks to be burned and cooled, placing undried bricks to be driedon the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving the bricks in saidkiln-chambers progressively through a heating up, a burning and acooling zone, removing the burned and cooled bricks from within thekilnchambers, transferring the dried bricks from the tops of thekiln-chambers into the kilnchambers, again placing undried bricks on thetops of the kilns, and passing the kilns thus loaded againthroughthelzones, and repeating the operation.

72. The continuous process of dryin cooling and burning bricks whichconsists in loading a series of movable, connectible kiln chambers withdried bricks in unit groups to be burned and coo-led, placing undriedbricks in unit groups to be dried on the tops of said kiln-chambers,moving the kiln chambers progressively through an inclosure providedwith a heating up and a cooling zone, and the bricks in said chambersthrough a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, removing the burnedand cooled bricks in unit. groups from within the kilnchambers,transferring the dried bricks from the tops of the kiln-chambers intothe kiln- "ch-ambers, again placing undried bricks in unit groups on thetops of the kiln-chambers, and repeating the operation.

73. The continuous process of drying, burning and cooling bricks whichconsists in loading a series of movable, connectible kiln-chambers withdried bricks to be burned and cooled, placing undried bricks to be driedon the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving the kiln-chambersprogressively through an inclosure provided with a heating up,.and acooling zone and the bricks in said chambers through a heating up, aburning and a cooling zone, removing the burned and cooled bricks inunit groups from within the kiln-chambers,transferring the dried bricksfrom the tops of the kiln-chambers into the kiln-chambers, again placingundried bricks on the tops of the kiln-chambers, and repeating theoperation.

74. The continuous process of drying, burning and cooling bricks whichconsists in loading a series of movable, connectible kiln-chambers withdried bricks in unit groups to be burned and cooled, placing undriedbricks to be dried on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving thekiln-chambers progressively through an inclosure provided with a heatingup and a cooling zone, and the bricks within said chambers through aheating'up, a burning and a cooling zone, removing the burned and cooledbricks from within the kiln-chambers, transferring the dried bricks fromthe tops of the kiln-chambers into the kiln-chambers, again placingundried bricks on the tops of the kilns, and repeating the operation.

75. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks whichconsists in placing dried bricks in a series of travelin crownkiln-chambers, placing undried bricks above the said kiln-chambers,passing the kiln-chambers and the undried bricks *through an inclosureprovided with a heating up and a cooling zone, and the bricks in saidchambers through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, removingthe burned and cooled bricks from within the kilnchambers, transferringthe dried bricks from above the kiln-chambers to within thekilnchambers, placing undried bricks above the kiln chambers, andrepeating the operation.

76. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks whichconsists in placing dried bricks in unit groups in a series of travelingcrown kiln-chambers, placing undried bricks above the said kilnchambers,passing-the kiln-chambers and undried bricks through an inclosureprovided with a heating up and a cooling zone, and the bricks in saidchambers through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, removingthe burned and cooled bricks in unit groups from within thekiln-chambers and the dried bricks from the tops to within thekiln-chambers, placing undried bricks above the kiln-chambers, andrepeating the operation.

77. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks whichconsists in placing dried bricks in a series of traveling crownkiln-chambers, placing undried bricks above the said kiln-chambers,passing the kiln-chambers and the undried bricks through an inclosureprovided with a heating up and a cooling zone, and the bricks in saidchambers through a heating up, a burning and a cooling zone, removingthe burned and cooled bricks in unit groups from within thekiln-chambers, transferring the dried bricks from above thekiln-chambers to within the kiln-chambers, again placing undried bricksabove the kilnchambers, and repeating the operation.

i8. The continuous method of drying,

burning and cooling bricks which consists in placing dried bricks inunit groups in a series of traveling'crown kilnchambers, placing undriedbricks above the said kilnchambers, passing the kiln-chambers and theundried bricks through an inclosure pro-- vided with a heating up zoneand a cooling zone, removing the burned and cooled bricks in unit groupsfrom within the kiln-chambcrs, transferring the dried bricks from abovethe kiln-chambers to within the kilnchanibers, again placing undried'bricks above the kiln-chambers, and repeating the operation.

79. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks whichconsists in placing dried bricks in traveling kilnchambers, placinggreen bricks on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving said kiln-.chambers through an inclosure provided with a heating up zoneand acooling zone,

and the bricks in said chambers through a heating up, a burning and acooling zone, using air from the kiln-chambers in the cooling zone toaid in drying the green bricks, removing the burned cooled bricks fromwithin the kiln-chambers, transferring the dried bricks from the topsofthe kilnchambers to the interior thereof, and re peating the operationcontinuously;

80. The icontinuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks whichconsists in' placing dried bricks in unit groups in traveling"kiln-chambers, placing green bricks on the tops of said kiln-chambers,moving said kiln-chambers through an inclosure provided with a heatingup zone and a cooling zone, and the bricks in said chambers through aheating up, a burning and a cooling zone, using air from thekilnchambers in the cooling zone to aid in drying the bricks on top ofthe kiln-chambers, removing the cooled burned bricks in unit groups fromwithin the kiln-chambers, transferring the dried bricks from the tops ofthe kiln-chambers to the interior thereof, and repeating the operationcontinuously.

81. 'lhe'continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks whichconsists in placing dried bricks in traveling kilnchambers, placinggreenbricks on the tops of said kiln-chambers, moving said kiln through aninclosure provided with a heating up zone and a cooling zone, and thebricks in said chambers through a heating up, a burning and a coolingzone, using air from the kiln-chambers in the cooling zone to aid indrying the bricks on top of the kiln-chambers, removing the cooledburned chambers, transferring the dried bricks from the tops of thekiln-chambers to the interior and a cooling zone, and the bricks in saidchambers through a heatlng up, a burning bricks in unit groups fromwithin the kilnclosure provided with a heating up zone,

and a cooling zone, using air from the kilnchambers in the cooling zoneto aid in drying the bricks on top of the kiln-chambers, removing thecooled burned bricks in unit groups from" within the kiln-chambers,transferring the dried bricks from the tops of the kiln-chambers to theinterior thereof, and repeating the operation continuously.

83. The continuous method of drying, burning and cooling bricks whichconsists in placing dried bricks in unit groups in travelingkiln-chambers, placing green bricks on the tops of said kiln-chambers,

a cooling zone, and the bricks in said chamhere through a, heating up, aburning and a cooling zone, using air from the kiln chambers in thecooling zone to aid in drying the bricks on top oft-he kiln-chambers,removing the cooled burned bricks from i within the kiln-chambers.transferring the moving said kiln-chambers through an in closureprovided with a heating'upzone and

